viscosity of finishing material
Viscosity is an important properties of the finishing material. By the physical and chemical engineering definition, the viscosity is the resistance offered by the fluid to the
relative motion of the particles or as the internal friction off the
liquid. Viscosity of the finishing material is important properties since
determines to a great extent its ability to be brushed, sprayed or
dipped as well as its flowing after being applied. Materials with low
viscosity will flow better than high viscosity because of less internal
friction. From this point it is easy to understand that the viscosity of
the material is more important to relate with the method of application
of the material. For example the material that is designed to be
applied by brush needs different viscosity with materials that designed
to be applied by spray.
Viscosity is not really correlated with the film thickness that will be built by the material. Some peoples may think that the more viscous material then the more the value of the material, because that material must be reduced to a greater extent before it is applied. This may not true, especially in the case of lacquer and synthetic materials. With the advanced methods it is possible to make the finishing materials with low viscosity that can give more film thickness. On the other hand there are many products so viscous that must be much reduced before they applied but have low solid content. The viscosity is also a function of temperature, since that at the time of measuring the viscosity of a certain material, it is recommended to measure and check the temperature of the material.
It is false economy to figure that because a given product need to reduced at the rate of two parts to one part of thinner it is cheaper than another material which can be applied straight without any solvent. This may not be true, since it depend on the other characteristic of the finishing materials and also the solvent used. Usually the objective to applying the finishing materials is to give the necessary protective and decorative properties demanded by the finish product. If a film thickness or color can be produced in one coat with unreduced material, where two coats of reduced materials is needed, the one coat materials is always cheaper in the end cost, because of the saving labor and total material use.
Viscosity is not really correlated with the film thickness that will be built by the material. Some peoples may think that the more viscous material then the more the value of the material, because that material must be reduced to a greater extent before it is applied. This may not true, especially in the case of lacquer and synthetic materials. With the advanced methods it is possible to make the finishing materials with low viscosity that can give more film thickness. On the other hand there are many products so viscous that must be much reduced before they applied but have low solid content. The viscosity is also a function of temperature, since that at the time of measuring the viscosity of a certain material, it is recommended to measure and check the temperature of the material.
It is false economy to figure that because a given product need to reduced at the rate of two parts to one part of thinner it is cheaper than another material which can be applied straight without any solvent. This may not be true, since it depend on the other characteristic of the finishing materials and also the solvent used. Usually the objective to applying the finishing materials is to give the necessary protective and decorative properties demanded by the finish product. If a film thickness or color can be produced in one coat with unreduced material, where two coats of reduced materials is needed, the one coat materials is always cheaper in the end cost, because of the saving labor and total material use.
viscosity cup
There many ways to measure the viscosity, but the method that is commonly used in furniture finishing material is measurement by the viscosity cup. Viscosity cup is a cup-shaped device that has a certain volume sizes and has an orifice with a certain diameter at the bottom. There are various size viscosity cups; the commonly used in the furniture finishing industry is Ford cup, Nk cup and Zahn cup. Each device has a different volume and has a series of orifice diameter, see the picture above. Viscosity measurements’ using this tool is to fill in the finishing material (a liquid) that need to be measured in the viscosity cup fully, then the material is allowed to flow through the orifice until the material entirely out. The time it takes to all the material in the viscosity cup get out is measured and then converted to determine the viscosity of the material. In the chemical or physical engineering viscosity have a unit that is poise (g/cm.second) or lb/ft.hour. But for the measurement of paint or finishing material, usually the viscosity is expressed enough with the time (seconds) and the type and size of the viscosity cup is used. For example a paint material has a viscosity 14 seconds with a Ford cup No. 2, meaning the material as measured by Ford viscosity cup cup No. 2 and obtained a measurement time 14 seconds. This expression is enough to explain the finishing materials viscosity because the specification of the equipment used for the finishing application is also expressed in the same way. The measurement time obtained from each cup will be different, since they has different volume and orifice diameter. The comparison of the measurement time of various viscosity cup is shown in the figure below.
the conversion table for some viscosity cup measurement
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