How to spray stain to the wood furniture
Stain is a finishing material that is used to make color of the finishing. Failure in the stain application will affect the resulting color of the finishing. The uneven stain will produce an uneven color, while the wrong stain will make the wrong color. In the modern finishing industry, most of stain is applied by spray. With the right technique, the application stain by spray will produce the best coloring results. The spray application will give an even color staining with high speed and high flexibility adjustment. By spray you can control the thickness of the stain layer. Nevertheless, the proper technique and good preparation is needed to produce good results.
spray stain
The things that must be considered in spraying stain.
- The sanding at the unfinished wood.
Sanding the wood is very important factor that will greatly affect
the staining result. The purpose of sanding is to produce a clean, even and smooth wood
surface. The sanding process should be started with the coarse grade followed by finer grade sandpaper until a
smooth surface is obtained. The final sanding for the unfinished wood should be end
up with a 180 or 240 sandpaper. The sanding with coarser grade sandpaper will leave scratch marks that will
appear in the finishing looked. While the sanding with finer grade is also not recommended since it will tend to
polish the wood surface and producing
too smooth but uneven surface that would interfere the absorption of stain. Too smooth sandpaper sanding will make the wood is too slick, and make the stain is not well absorbed by the wood. Finally the uneven coloration or blotchy stain is resulted.
The stain absorption by the wood will be highly affected by the porosity of the wood surface, since that you need to make the wood surface has uniform porosity. The porosity problem is rarely happen at the hardwood such as: oak, mahogany, teak, etc. With the proper sanding process a uniform, even, smooth wood surface will easily obtained. But for some soft wood such as: sengon, maple or pine, porosity could be problem and more intention should be done at the sanding process. You may need to do "glue sizing" to produce the even and smooth wood surface.
The stain absorption by the wood will be highly affected by the porosity of the wood surface, since that you need to make the wood surface has uniform porosity. The porosity problem is rarely happen at the hardwood such as: oak, mahogany, teak, etc. With the proper sanding process a uniform, even, smooth wood surface will easily obtained. But for some soft wood such as: sengon, maple or pine, porosity could be problem and more intention should be done at the sanding process. You may need to do "glue sizing" to produce the even and smooth wood surface.
More about wood sanding can be viewed in our previous article: how to sand the wood furniture
- The basic color of the wood
But usually the wood for furniture product has uneven base color. Wood is a natural substrate from the live creature, its character is highly depend on how the condition when he was alive. The most common problem of the wood is the color base variation. Its color may vary from the sap wood to the heartwood, or there may be some red part or blue stain partly at the wood surface. The uneven wood base color will result to the uneven color of the finishing. To overcome this problem you need to do some treatment to the wood. If the variation that is not too contrast, you can adjust the wood base color with sap stains and equalizer stains. The wood with light color is darken with sap stain, whereas some small disturbing such as: light red color or blue stain colors are covered with equalizer stain. The adjustment wood base color with sap stain equalizer stain work when the color variation is not too contrast. If the difference is too contrast then you may need to bleach the wood to get the even color.
See our previous article: how to match color in the wood finishing
- Preparation of stain.
If there is any slurry then you need to stir the stain to let all pigments in it perfectly mixed. View and check the appearance of stain, make sure that the stain in the uniform liquid mixture. If there is dirt or sediment then it should be filtered.
- The spray equipment
Make sure that the equipment function properly. Choose the nozzle size that suits your needs. Nozzle size varies from each brand, but essentially you need to choose the nozzle size that is big enough to produce a sufficient spray width according to the product.
- Spray techniques
Then the correct movement of the spray gun is needed to get the even and wet spray coat of the stain. The spray technique should also be conducted with due regard to the form of the furniture product. The complicated form product such as: chair, leg and carved form product is quite difficult to be sprayed but the form will hide some imperfectness staining. While the flat panels let the spray gun can be moved more freely, but if there some unevenness at the stain layering, then it will obviously appeared.
To see more about spraying technique you can go to this link: How to use spray gun correctly 1 and : how to use spray gun 2
- Layering with clear coating
For small color problem you can remove the stain with steel wool or sandpaper. If the problem is too big then you may need to wash the stain layer with thinner to clean up the whole surface.
If the staining is properly done; the even stain layer with the right color is obtained then you can continue the process with the clear coating application.
Make sure that the stain is dry before layered with a clear coating. Usually the wood stain is a thin material that will be dry within a few minutes. But there could be some special stains that require longer drying time. Read the specification of the stain and make sure that follow the stain specification.
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